Fall of the House of Usher.

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+\fBThe Project Gutenberg eBook of The Fall of the House of Usher\fP
+
+This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online
+at
+.post.url https://www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org.
+
+If you are not located in the United States,
+you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
+before using this eBook.
+
+Title: \fBThe Fall of the House of Usher\fP
+.br
+\fBAuthor\fP: Edgar Allan Poe
+.br
+\fBRelease date\fP: June 1, 1997 [eBook #932]
+.br
+.ti +1i
+Most recently updated: July 21, 2024
+.br
+\fBLanguage\fP: English
+.br
+\fBCredits\fP: Produced by Levent Kurnaz; Jose Menendez; Kian Agheli
+.br
+\l'\*[length]'
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK
+THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER ***
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+THE HOUSE OF USHER\fP
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+BY
+.ps 24
+.vs 24
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+\fTEDGAR ALLAN POE\fP
+.ps
+.vs
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+
+\fISon cœur est un luth suspendu;
+.br
+Sitôt qu’on le touche il résonne.\fP
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+\fIDe Béranger.\fP
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+\fTDURING\fP the whole of a dull, dark, and
+soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung
+oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on
+horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at
+length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within
+view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it
+was – but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of
+insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable; for
+the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable,
+because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives
+even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I
+looked upon the scene before me – upon the mere house, and
+the simple landscape features of the domain – upon the bleak
+walls – upon the vacant eye-like windows – upon a few
+rank sedges – and upon a few white trunks of decayed
+trees – with an utter depression of soul which I can compare
+to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after-dream of
+the reveller upon opium – the bitter lapse into every-day
+life – the hideous dropping off of the veil. There was an
+iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart – an unredeemed
+dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could
+torture into aught of the sublime. What was it – I paused to
+think – what was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation
+of the House of Usher? It was a mystery all insoluble; nor could
+I grapple with the shadowy fancies that crowded upon me as I
+pondered. I was forced to fall back upon the unsatisfactory
+conclusion, that while, beyond doubt, there \fIare\fP
+combinations of very simple natural objects which have the power
+of thus affecting us, still the analysis of this power lies among
+considerations beyond our depth. It was possible, I reflected,
+that a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the
+scene, of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to
+modify, or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful
+impression; and, acting upon this idea, I reined my horse to the
+precipitous brink of a black and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled
+lustre by the dwelling, and gazed down – but with a shudder
+even more thrilling than before – upon the remodelled and
+inverted images of the gray sedge, and the ghastly tree-stems,
+and the vacant and eye-like windows.
+.pg
+Nevertheless, in this mansion of gloom I now proposed to
+myself a sojourn of some weeks. Its proprietor, Roderick Usher,
+had been one of my boon companions in boyhood; but many years had
+elapsed since our last meeting. A letter, however, had lately
+reached me in a distant part of the country – a letter from
+him – which, in its wildly importunate nature, had admitted
+of no other than a personal reply. The \fTMS.\fP gave evidence of
+nervous agitation. The writer spoke of acute bodily
+illness – of a mental disorder which oppressed him – and
+of an earnest desire to see me, as his best and indeed his only
+personal friend, with a view of attempting, by the cheerfulness
+of my society, some alleviation of his malady. It was the manner
+in which all this, and much more, was said – it was the
+apparent \fIheart\fP that went with his request – which
+allowed me no room for hesitation; and I accordingly obeyed
+forthwith what I still considered a very singular summons.
+.pg
+Although, as boys, we had been even intimate associates, yet I
+really knew little of my friend. His reserve had been always
+excessive and habitual. I was aware, however, that his very
+ancient family had been noted, time out of mind, for a peculiar
+sensibility of temperament, displaying itself, through long ages,
+in many works of exalted art, and manifested, of late, in
+repeated deeds of munificent yet unobtrusive charity, as well as
+in a passionate devotion to the intricacies, perhaps even more
+than to the orthodox and easily recognizable beauties, of musical
+science. I had learned, too, the very remarkable fact, that the
+stem of the Usher race, all time-honored as it was, had put
+forth, at no period, any enduring branch; in other words, that
+the entire family lay in the direct line of descent, and had
+always, with very trifling and very temporary variation, so lain.
+It was this deficiency, I considered, while running over in
+thought the perfect keeping of the character of the premises with
+the accredited character of the people, and while speculating
+upon the possible influence which the one, in the long lapse of
+centuries, might have exercised upon the other – it was this
+deficiency, perhaps, of collateral issue, and the consequent
+undeviating transmission, from sire to son, of the patrimony with
+the name, which had, at length, so identified the two as to merge
+the original title of the estate in the quaint and equivocal
+appellation of the “House of Usher” – an
+appellation which seemed to include, in the minds of the
+peasantry who used it, both the family and the family
+mansion.
+.pg
+I have said that the sole effect of my somewhat childish
+experiment – that of looking down within the tarn – had
+been to deepen the first singular impression. There can be no
+doubt that the consciousness of the rapid increase of my
+superstition – for why should I not so term it? – served
+mainly to accelerate the increase itself. Such, I have long
+known, is the paradoxical law of all sentiments having terror as
+a basis. And it might have been for this reason only, that, when
+I again uplifted my eyes to the house itself, from its image in
+the pool, there grew in my mind a strange fancy – a fancy so
+ridiculous, indeed, that I but mention it to show the vivid force
+of the sensations which oppressed me. I had so worked upon my
+imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and
+domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their
+immediate vicinity – an atmosphere which had no affinity with
+the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed
+trees, and the gray wall, and the silent tarn – a pestilent
+and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and
+leaden-hued.
+.pg
+Shaking off from my spirit what \fImust\fP have been a dream,
+I scanned more narrowly the real aspect of the building. Its
+principal feature seemed to be that of an excessive antiquity.
+The discoloration of ages had been great. Minute fungi overspread
+the whole exterior, hanging in a fine tangled web-work from the
+eaves. Yet all this was apart from any extraordinary
+dilapidation. No portion of the masonry had fallen; and there
+appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its still perfect
+adaptation of parts, and the crumbling condition of the
+individual stones. In this there was much that reminded me of the
+specious totality of old wood-work which has rotted for long
+years in some neglected vault, with no disturbance from the
+breath of the external air. Beyond this indication of extensive
+decay, however, the fabric gave little token of instability.
+Perhaps the eye of a scrutinizing observer might have discovered
+a barely perceptible fissure, which, extending from the roof of
+the building in front, made its way down the wall in a zigzag
+direction, until it became lost in the sullen waters of the
+tarn.
+.pg
+Noticing these things, I rode over a short causeway to the
+house. A servant in waiting took my horse, and I entered the
+Gothic archway of the hall. A valet, of stealthy step, thence
+conducted me, in silence, through many dark and intricate
+passages in my progress to the \fIstudio\fP of his master. Much
+that I encountered on the way contributed, I know not how, to
+heighten the vague sentiments of which I have already spoken.
+While the objects around me – while the carvings of the
+ceilings, the sombre tapestries of the walls, the ebony blackness
+of the floors, and the phantasmagoric armorial trophies which
+rattled as I strode, were but matters to which, or to such as
+which, I had been accustomed from my infancy – while I
+hesitated not to acknowledge how familiar was all this – I
+still wondered to find how unfamiliar were the fancies which
+ordinary images were stirring up. On one of the staircases, I met
+the physician of the family. His countenance, I thought, wore a
+mingled expression of low cunning and perplexity. He accosted me
+with trepidation and passed on. The valet now threw open a door
+and ushered me into the presence of his master.
+.pg
+The room in which I found myself was very large and lofty. The
+windows were long, narrow, and pointed, and at so vast a distance
+from the black oaken floor as to be altogether inaccessible from
+within. Feeble gleams of encrimsoned light made their way through
+the trellised panes, and served to render sufficiently distinct
+the more prominent objects around; the eye, however, struggled in
+vain to reach the remoter angles of the chamber, or the recesses
+of the vaulted and fretted ceiling. Dark draperies hung upon the
+walls. The general furniture was profuse, comfortless, antique,
+and tattered. Many books and musical instruments lay scattered
+about, but failed to give any vitality to the scene. I felt that
+I breathed an atmosphere of sorrow. An air of stern, deep, and
+irredeemable gloom hung over and pervaded all.
+.pg
+Upon my entrance, Usher rose from a sofa on which he had been
+lying at full length, and greeted me with a vivacious warmth
+which had much in it, I at first thought, of an overdone
+cordiality – of the constrained effort of the
+\fIennuyé\fP man of the world. A glance, however, at his
+countenance convinced me of his perfect sincerity. We sat down;
+and for some moments, while he spoke not, I gazed upon him with a
+feeling half of pity, half of awe. Surely, man had never before
+so terribly altered, in so brief a period, as had Roderick Usher!
+It was with difficulty that I could bring myself to admit the
+identity of the man being before me with the companion of my
+early boyhood. Yet the character of his face had been at all
+times remarkable. A cadaverousness of complexion; an eye large,
+liquid, and luminous beyond comparison; lips somewhat thin and
+very pallid, but of a surpassingly beautiful curve; a nose of a
+delicate Hebrew model, but with a breadth of nostril unusual in
+similar formations; a finely moulded chin, speaking, in its want
+of prominence, of a want of moral energy; hair of a more than
+web-like softness and tenuity; – these features, with an
+inordinate expansion above the regions of the temple, made up
+altogether a countenance not easily to be forgotten. And now in
+the mere exaggeration of the prevailing character of these
+features, and of the expression they were wont to convey, lay so
+much of change that I doubted to whom I spoke. The now ghastly
+pallor of the skin, and the now miraculous lustre of the eye,
+above all things startled and even awed me. The silken hair, too,
+had been suffered to grow all unheeded, and as, in its wild
+gossamer texture, it floated rather than fell about the face, I
+could not, even with effort, connect its Arabesque expression
+with any idea of simple humanity.
+.pg
+In the manner of my friend I was at once struck with an
+incoherence – an inconsistency; and I soon found this to
+arise from a series of feeble and futile struggles to overcome an
+habitual trepidancy – an excessive nervous agitation. For
+something of this nature I had indeed been prepared, no less by
+his letter, than by reminiscences of certain boyish traits, and
+by conclusions deduced from his peculiar physical conformation
+and temperament. His action was alternately vivacious and sullen.
+His voice varied rapidly from a tremulous indecision (when the
+animal spirits seemed utterly in abeyance) to that species of
+energetic concision – that abrupt, weighty, unhurried, and
+hollow-sounding enunciation – that leaden, self-balanced and
+perfectly modulated guttural utterance, which may be observed in
+the lost drunkard, or the irreclaimable eater of opium, during
+the periods of his most intense excitement.
+.pg
+It was thus that he spoke of the object of my visit, of his
+earnest desire to see me, and of the solace he expected me to
+afford him. He entered, at some length, into what he conceived to
+be the nature of his malady. It was, he said, a constitutional
+and a family evil, and one for which he despaired to find a
+remedy – a mere nervous affection, he immediately added,
+which would undoubtedly soon pass off. It displayed itself in a
+host of unnatural sensations. Some of these, as he detailed them,
+interested and bewildered me; although, perhaps, the terms and
+the general manner of the narration had their weight. He suffered
+much from a morbid acuteness of the senses; the most insipid food
+was alone endurable; he could wear only garments of certain
+texture; the odors of all flowers were oppressive; his eyes were
+tortured by even a faint light; and there were but peculiar
+sounds, and these from stringed instruments, which did not
+inspire him with horror.
+.pg
+To an anomalous species of terror I found him a bounden slave.
+“I shall perish,” said he, “I \fImust\fP
+perish in this deplorable folly. Thus, thus, and not otherwise,
+shall I be lost. I dread the events of the future, not in
+themselves, but in their results. I shudder at the thought of
+any, even the most trivial, incident, which may operate upon this
+intolerable agitation of soul. I have, indeed, no abhorrence of
+danger, except in its absolute effect – in terror. In this
+unnerved, in this pitiable, condition I feel that the period will
+sooner or later arrive when I must abandon life and reason
+together, in some struggle with the grim phantasm, \fTFEAR.\fP”
+.pg
+I learned, moreover, at intervals, and through broken and
+equivocal hints, another singular feature of his mental
+condition. He was enchained by certain superstitious impressions
+in regard to the dwelling which he tenanted, and whence, for many
+years, he had never ventured forth – in regard to an
+influence whose supposititious force was conveyed in terms too
+shadowy here to be re-stated – an influence which some
+peculiarities in the mere form and substance of his family
+mansion had, by dint of long sufferance, he said, obtained over
+his spirit – an effect which the \fIphysique\fP of the gray
+walls and turrets, and of the dim tarn into which they all looked
+down, had, at length, brought about upon the \fImorale\fP of his
+existence.
+.pg
+He admitted, however, although with hesitation, that much of
+the peculiar gloom which thus afflicted him could be traced to a
+more natural and far more palpable origin – to the severe and
+long-continued illness – indeed to the evidently approaching
+dissolution – of a tenderly beloved sister, his sole
+companion for long years, his last and only relative on earth.
+“Her decease,” he said, with a bitterness which I can
+never forget, “would leave him (him the hopeless and the
+frail) the last of the ancient race of the Ushers.” While
+he spoke, the lady Madeline (for so was she called) passed slowly
+through a remote portion of the apartment, and, without having
+noticed my presence, disappeared. I regarded her with an utter
+astonishment not unmingled with dread; and yet I found it
+impossible to account for such feelings. A sensation of stupor
+oppressed me as my eyes followed her retreating steps. When a
+door, at length, closed upon her, my glance sought instinctively
+and eagerly the countenance of the brother; but he had buried his
+face in his hands, and I could only perceive that a far more than
+ordinary wanness had overspread the emaciated fingers through
+which trickled many passionate tears.
+.pg
+The disease of the lady Madeline had long baffled the skill of
+her physicians. A settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the
+person, and frequent although transient affections of a partially
+cataleptical character were the unusual diagnosis. Hitherto she
+had steadily borne up against the pressure of her malady, and had
+not betaken herself finally to bed; but on the closing in of the
+evening of my arrival at the house, she succumbed (as her brother
+told me at night with inexpressible agitation) to the prostrating
+power of the destroyer; and I learned that the glimpse I had
+obtained of her person would thus probably be the last I should
+obtain – that the lady, at least while living, would be seen
+by me no more.
+.pg
+For several days ensuing, her name was unmentioned by either
+Usher or myself; and during this period I was busied in earnest
+endeavors to alleviate the melancholy of my friend. We painted
+and read together, or I listened, as if in a dream, to the wild
+improvisations of his speaking guitar. And thus, as a closer and
+still closer intimacy admitted me more unreservedly into the
+recesses of his spirit, the more bitterly did I perceive the
+futility of all attempt at cheering a mind from which darkness,
+as if an inherent positive quality, poured forth upon all objects
+of the moral and physical universe in one unceasing radiation of
+gloom.
+.pg
+I shall ever bear about me a memory of the many solemn hours I
+thus spent alone with the master of the House of Usher. Yet I
+should fail in any attempt to convey an idea of the exact
+character of the studies, or of the occupations, in which he
+involved me, or led me the way. An excited and highly distempered
+ideality threw a sulphureous lustre over all. His long improvised
+dirges will ring forever in my ears. Among other things, I hold
+painfully in mind a certain singular perversion and amplification
+of the wild air of the last waltz of Von Weber. From the
+paintings over which his elaborate fancy brooded, and which grew,
+touch by touch, into vagueness at which I shuddered the more
+thrillingly, because I shuddered knowing not why – from these
+paintings (vivid as their images now are before me) I would in
+vain endeavor to educe more than a small portion which should lie
+within the compass of merely written words. By the utter
+simplicity, by the nakedness of his designs, he arrested and
+overawed attention. If ever mortal painted an idea, that mortal
+was Roderick Usher. For me at least, in the circumstances then
+surrounding me, there arose out of the pure abstractions which
+the hypochondriac contrived to throw upon his canvas, an
+intensity of intolerable awe, no shadow of which felt I ever yet
+in the contemplation of the certainly glowing yet too concrete
+reveries of Fuseli.
+.pg
+One of the phantasmagoric conceptions of my friend, partaking
+not so rigidly of the spirit of abstraction, may be shadowed
+forth, although feebly, in words. A small picture presented the
+interior of an immensely long and rectangular vault or tunnel,
+with low walls, smooth, white, and without interruption or
+device. Certain accessory points of the design served well to
+convey the idea that this excavation lay at an exceeding depth
+below the surface of the earth. No outlet was observed in any
+portion of its vast extent, and no torch or other artificial
+source of light was discernible; yet a flood of intense rays
+rolled throughout, and bathed the whole in a ghastly and
+inappropriate splendor.
+.pg
+I have just spoken of that morbid condition of the auditory
+nerve which rendered all music intolerable to the sufferer, with
+the exception of certain effects of stringed instruments. It was,
+perhaps, the narrow limits to which he thus confined himself upon
+the guitar which gave birth, in great measure, to the fantastic
+character of the performances. But the fervid \fIfacility\fP of
+his \fIimpromptus\fP could not be so accounted for. They must
+have been, and were, in the notes, as well as in the words of his
+wild fantasias (for he not unfrequently accompanied himself with
+rhymed verbal improvisations), the result of that intense mental
+collectedness and concentration to which I have previously
+alluded as observable only in particular moments of the highest
+artificial excitement. The words of one of these rhapsodies I
+have easily remembered. I was, perhaps, the more forcibly
+impressed with it as he gave it, because, in the under or mystic
+current of its meaning, I fancied that I perceived, and for the
+first time, a full consciousness on the part of Usher of the
+tottering of his lofty reason upon her throne. The verses, which
+were entitled “The Haunted Palace,” ran very nearly,
+if not accurately, thus: – 
+.br
+
+.in +\*[length]/4u
+.nf
+.br
+.ti +\*[length]/4u
+I.
+.br
+In the greenest of our valleys,
+.br
+     By good angels tenanted,
+.br
+ Once a fair and stately palace – 
+.br
+     Radiant palace – reared its head.
+.br
+ In the monarch Thought’s dominion – 
+.br
+     It stood there!
+.br
+ Never seraph spread a pinion
+.br
+     Over fabric half so fair.
+
+.br
+.ti +\*[length]/4u
+ II.
+.br
+Banners yellow, glorious, golden,
+.br
+     On its roof did float and flow;
+.br
+ (This – all this – was in the olden
+.br
+     Time long ago);
+.br
+ And every gentle air that dallied,
+.br
+     In that sweet day,
+.br
+ Along the ramparts plumed and pallid,
+.br
+     A winged odor went away.
+
+.ti +\*[length]/4u
+ III.
+Wanderers in that happy valley
+.br
+     Through two luminous windows saw
+.br
+ Spirits moving musically
+.br
+     To a lute’s well-tunèd law;
+.br
+ Round about a throne, where sitting
+.br
+     (Porphyrogene!)
+.br
+ In state his glory well befitting,
+.br
+     The ruler of the realm was seen.
+
+.ti +\*[length]/4u
+ IV.
+.br
+And all with pearl and ruby glowing
+.br
+     Was the fair palace door,
+.br
+ Through which came flowing, flowing, flowing
+.br
+     And sparkling evermore,
+.br
+ A troop of Echoes whose sweet duty
+.br
+     Was but to sing,
+.br
+ In voices of surpassing beauty,
+.br
+     The wit and wisdom of their king.
+
+.ti +\*[length]/4u
+ V.
+.br
+But evil things, in robes of sorrow,
+.br
+     Assailed the monarch’s high estate;
+.br
+ (Ah, let us mourn, for never morrow
+.br
+     Shall dawn upon him, desolate!)
+.br
+ And, round about his home, the glory
+.br
+     That blushed and bloomed
+.br
+ Is but a dim-remembered story
+.br
+     Of the old time entombed.
+
+.ti +\*[length]/4u
+ VI.
+.br
+And travellers now within that valley,
+.br
+     Through the red-litten windows see
+.br
+ Vast forms that move fantastically
+.br
+     To a discordant melody;
+.br
+ While, like a rapid ghastly river,
+.br
+     Through the pale door,
+.br
+ A hideous throng rush out forever,
+.br
+     And laugh – but smile no more.
+
+.in -(\*[length]/4u)
+.fi
+.br
+.pg
+I well remember that suggestions arising from this ballad, led
+us into a train of thought wherein there became manifest an
+opinion of Usher’s which I mention not so much on account
+of its novelty (for other men* have thought
+thus), as on account of the pertinacity with which he maintained
+it. This opinion, in its general form, was that of the sentience
+of all vegetable things. But, in his disordered fancy, the idea
+had assumed a more daring character, and trespassed, under
+certain conditions, upon the kingdom of inorganization. I lack
+words to express the full extent, or the earnest \fIabandon\fP
+of his persuasion. The belief, however, was connected (as I have
+previously hinted) with the gray stones of the home of his
+forefathers. The conditions of the sentience had been here, he
+imagined, fulfilled in the method of collocation of these
+stones – in the order of their arrangement, as well as in
+that of the many \fIfungi\fP which overspread them, and of the
+decayed trees which stood around – above all, in the long
+undisturbed endurance of this arrangement, and in its
+reduplication in the still waters of the tarn. Its
+evidence – the evidence of the sentience – was to be
+seen, he said, (and I here started as he spoke), in the gradual
+yet certain condensation of an atmosphere of their own about the
+waters and the walls. The result was discoverable, he added, in
+that silent yet importunate and terrible influence which for
+centuries had moulded the destinies of his family, and which made
+\fIhim\fP what I now saw him – what he was. Such opinions
+need no comment, and I will make none.
+.pg
+Our books – the books which, for years, had formed no
+small portion of the mental existence of the invalid – were,
+as might be supposed, in strict keeping with this character of
+phantasm. We pored together over such works as the “Ververt
+et Chartreuse” of Gresset; the “Belphegor” of
+Machiavelli; the “Heaven and Hell” of Swedenborg; the
+“Subterranean Voyage of Nicholas Klimm” by Holberg;
+the “Chiromancy” of Robert Flud, of Jean
+D’Indaginé, and of De la Chambre; the “Journey
+into the Blue Distance” of Tieck; and the “City of
+the Sun” of Campanella. One favorite volume was a small
+octavo edition of the “Directorium Inquisitorium,” by
+the Dominican Eymeric de Gironne; and there were passages in
+Pomponius Mela, about the old African Satyrs and Œgipans,
+over which Usher would sit dreaming for hours. His chief delight,
+however, was found in the perusal of an exceedingly rare and
+curious book in quarto Gothic – the manual of a forgotten
+church – the \fIVigiliæ Mortuorum Secundum Chorum
+Ecclesiæ Maguntinæ\fP.
+.pg
+I could not help thinking of the wild ritual of this work, and
+of its probable influence upon the hypochondriac, when, one
+evening, having informed me abruptly that the lady Madeline was
+no more, he stated his intention of preserving her corpse for a
+fortnight (previously to its final interment), in one of the
+numerous vaults within the main walls of the building. The
+worldly reason, however, assigned for this singular proceeding,
+was one which I did not feel at liberty to dispute. The brother
+had been led to his resolution (so he told me) by consideration
+of the unusual character of the malady of the deceased, of
+certain obtrusive and eager inquiries on the part of her medical
+men, and of the remote and exposed situation of the burial-ground
+of the family. I will not deny that when I called to mind the
+sinister countenance of the person whom I met upon the staircase,
+on the day of my arrival at the house, I had no desire to oppose
+what I regarded as at best but a harmless, and by no means an
+unnatural, precaution.
+.pg
+At the request of Usher, I personally aided him in the
+arrangements for the temporary entombment. The body having been
+encoffined, we two alone bore it to its rest. The vault in which
+we placed it (and which had been so long unopened that our
+torches, half smothered in its oppressive atmosphere, gave us
+little opportunity for investigation) was small, damp, and
+entirely without means of admission for light; lying, at great
+depth, immediately beneath that portion of the building in which
+was my own sleeping apartment. It had been used, apparently, in
+remote feudal times, for the worst purposes of a donjon-keep,
+and, in later days, as a place of deposit for powder, or some
+other highly combustible substance, as a portion of its floor,
+and the whole interior of a long archway through which we reached
+it, were carefully sheathed with copper. The door, of massive
+iron, had been, also, similarly protected. Its immense weight
+caused an unusually sharp, grating sound, as it moved upon its
+hinges.
+.pg
+Having deposited our mournful burden upon tressels within this
+region of horror, we partially turned aside the yet unscrewed lid
+of the coffin, and looked upon the face of the tenant. A striking
+similitude between the brother and sister now first arrested my
+attention; and Usher, divining, perhaps, my thoughts, murmured
+out some few words from which I learned that the deceased and
+himself had been twins, and that sympathies of a scarcely
+intelligible nature had always existed between them. Our glances,
+however, rested not long upon the dead – for we could not
+regard her unawed. The disease which had thus entombed the lady
+in the maturity of youth, had left, as usual in all maladies of a
+strictly cataleptical character, the mockery of a faint blush
+upon the bosom and the face, and that suspiciously lingering
+smile upon the lip which is so terrible in death. We replaced and
+screwed down the lid, and, having secured the door of iron, made
+our way, with toil, into the scarcely less gloomy apartments of
+the upper portion of the house.
+.pg
+And now, some days of bitter grief having elapsed, an
+observable change came over the features of the mental disorder
+of my friend. His ordinary manner had vanished. His ordinary
+occupations were neglected or forgotten. He roamed from chamber
+to chamber with hurried, unequal, and objectless step. The pallor
+of his countenance had assumed, if possible, a more ghastly
+hue – but the luminousness of his eye had utterly gone out.
+The once occasional huskiness of his tone was heard no more; and
+a tremulous quaver, as if of extreme terror, habitually
+characterized his utterance. There were times, indeed, when I
+thought his unceasingly agitated mind was laboring with some
+oppressive secret, to divulge which he struggled for the
+necessary courage. At times, again, I was obliged to resolve all
+into the mere inexplicable vagaries of madness, for I beheld him
+gazing upon vacancy for long hours, in an attitude of the
+profoundest attention, as if listening to some imaginary sound.
+It was no wonder that his condition terrified – that it
+infected me. I felt creeping upon me, by slow yet certain
+degrees, the wild influences of his own fantastic yet impressive
+superstitions.
+.pg
+It was, especially, upon retiring to bed late in the night of
+the seventh or eighth day after the placing of the lady Madeline
+within the donjon, that I experienced the full power of such
+feelings. Sleep came not near my couch – while the hours
+waned and waned away. I struggled to reason off the nervousness
+which had dominion over me. I endeavored to believe that much, if
+not all of what I felt, was due to the bewildering influence of
+the gloomy furniture of the room – of the dark and tattered
+draperies, which, tortured into motion by the breath of a rising
+tempest, swayed fitfully to and fro upon the walls, and rustled
+uneasily about the decorations of the bed. But my efforts were
+fruitless. An irrepressible tremor gradually pervaded my frame;
+and, at length, there sat upon my very heart an incubus of
+utterly causeless alarm. Shaking this off with a gasp and a
+struggle, I uplifted myself upon the pillows, and, peering
+earnestly within the intense darkness of the chamber,
+hearkened – I know not why, except that an instinctive spirit
+prompted me – to certain low and indefinite sounds which
+came, through the pauses of the storm, at long intervals, I knew
+not whence. Overpowered by an intense sentiment of horror,
+unaccountable yet unendurable, I threw on my clothes with haste
+(for I felt that I should sleep no more during the night), and
+endeavored to arouse myself from the pitiable condition into
+which I had fallen, by pacing rapidly to and fro through the
+apartment.
+.pg
+I had taken but few turns in this manner, when a light step on
+an adjoining staircase arrested my attention. I presently
+recognized it as that of Usher. In an instant afterward he
+rapped, with a gentle touch, at my door, and entered, bearing a
+lamp. His countenance was, as usual, cadaverously wan – but,
+moreover, there was a species of mad hilarity in his
+eyes – an evidently restrained \fIhysteria\fP in his whole
+demeanor. His air appalled me – but anything was preferable
+to the solitude which I had so long endured, and I even welcomed
+his presence as a relief.
+.pg
+“And you have not seen it?” he said abruptly,
+after having stared about him for some moments in
+silence – “you have not then seen it? – but, stay!
+you shall.” Thus speaking, and having carefully shaded his
+lamp, he hurried to one of the casements, and threw it freely
+open to the storm.
+.pg
+The impetuous fury of the entering gust nearly lifted us from
+our feet. It was, indeed, a tempestuous yet sternly beautiful
+night, and one wildly singular in its terror and its beauty. A
+whirlwind had apparently collected its force in our vicinity; for
+there were frequent and violent alterations in the direction of
+the wind; and the exceeding density of the clouds (which hung so
+low as to press upon the turrets of the house) did not prevent
+our perceiving the life-like velocity with which they flew
+careering from all points against each other, without passing
+away into the distance. I say that even their exceeding density
+did not prevent our perceiving this – yet we had no glimpse
+of the moon or stars, nor was there any flashing forth of the
+lightning. But the under surfaces of the huge masses of agitated
+vapor, as well as all terrestrial objects immediately around us,
+were glowing in the unnatural light of a faintly luminous and
+distinctly visible gaseous exhalation which hung about and
+enshrouded the mansion.
+.pg
+“You must not – you shall not behold this!”
+said I, shuddering, to Usher, as I led him, with a gentle
+violence, from the window to a seat. “These appearances,
+which bewilder you, are merely electrical phenomena not
+uncommon – or it may be that they have their ghastly origin
+in the rank miasma of the tarn. Let us close this
+casement; – the air is chilling and dangerous to your frame.
+Here is one of your favorite romances. I will read, and you shall
+listen: – and so we will pass away this terrible night
+together.”
+.pg
+The antique volume which I had taken up was the “Mad
+Trist” of Sir Launcelot Canning; but I had called it a
+favorite of Usher’s more in sad jest than in earnest; for,
+in truth, there is little in its uncouth and unimaginative
+prolixity which could have had interest for the lofty and
+spiritual ideality of my friend. It was, however, the only book
+immediately at hand; and I indulged a vague hope that the
+excitement which now agitated the hypochondriac, might find
+relief (for the history of mental disorder is full of similar
+anomalies) even in the extremeness of the folly which I should
+read. Could I have judged, indeed, by the wild overstrained air
+of vivacity with which he hearkened, or apparently hearkened, to
+the words of the tale, I might well have congratulated myself
+upon the success of my design.
+.pg
+I had arrived at that well-known portion of the story where
+Ethelred, the hero of the Trist, having sought in vain for
+peaceable admission into the dwelling of the hermit, proceeds to
+make good an entrance by force. Here, it will be remembered, the
+words of the narrative run thus:
+.pg
+“And Ethelred, who was by nature of a doughty heart, and
+who was now mighty withal, on account of the powerfulness of the
+wine which he had drunken, waited no longer to hold parley with
+the hermit, who, in sooth, was of an obstinate and maliceful
+turn, but, feeling the rain upon his shoulders, and fearing the
+rising of the tempest, uplifted his mace outright, and, with
+blows, made quickly room in the plankings of the door for his
+gauntleted hand; and now pulling therewith sturdily, he so
+cracked, and ripped, and tore all asunder, that the noise of the
+dry and hollow-sounding wood alarumed and reverberated throughout
+the forest.”
+.pg
+At the termination of this sentence I started and, for a
+moment, paused; for it appeared to me (although I at once
+concluded that my excited fancy had deceived me) – it
+appeared to me that, from some very remote portion of the
+mansion, there came, indistinctly to my ears, what might have
+been, in its exact similarity of character, the echo (but a
+stifled and dull one certainly) of the very cracking and ripping
+sound which Sir Launcelot had so particularly described. It was,
+beyond doubt, the coincidence alone which had arrested my
+attention; for, amid the rattling of the sashes of the casements,
+and the ordinary commingled noises of the still increasing storm,
+the sound, in itself, had nothing, surely, which should have
+interested or disturbed me. I continued the story:
+.pg
+“But the good champion Ethelred, now entering within the
+door, was sore enraged and amazed to perceive no signal of the
+maliceful hermit; but, in the stead thereof, a dragon of a scaly
+and prodigious demeanor, and of a fiery tongue, which sat in
+guard before a palace of gold, with a floor of silver; and upon
+the wall there hung a shield of shining brass with this legend
+enwritten –
+
+.in +\*[length]/8u
+Who entereth herein, a conqueror hath bin;
+.br
+Who slayeth the dragon, the shield he shall win.
+.br
+.in -(\*[length]/8u)
+
+And Ethelred uplifted his mace, and struck upon the head of the
+dragon, which fell before him, and gave up his pesty breath, with
+a shriek so horrid and harsh, and withal so piercing, that
+Ethelred had fain to close his ears with his hands against the
+dreadful noise of it, the like whereof was never before
+heard.”
+.pg
+Here again I paused abruptly, and now with a feeling of wild
+amazement – for there could be no doubt whatever that, in
+this instance, I did actually hear (although from what direction
+it proceeded I found it impossible to say) a low and apparently
+distant, but harsh, protracted, and most unusual screaming or
+grating sound – the exact counterpart of what my fancy had
+already conjured up for the dragon’s unnatural shriek as
+described by the romancer.
+.pg
+Oppressed, as I certainly was, upon the occurrence of this
+second and most extraordinary coincidence, by a thousand
+conflicting sensations, in which wonder and extreme terror were
+predominant, I still retained sufficient presence of mind to
+avoid exciting, by any observation, the sensitive nervousness of
+my companion. I was by no means certain that he had noticed the
+sounds in question; although, assuredly, a strange alteration
+had, during the last few minutes, taken place in his demeanor.
+From a position fronting my own, he had gradually brought round
+his chair, so as to sit with his face to the door of the chamber;
+and thus I could but partially perceive his features, although I
+saw that his lips trembled as if he were murmuring inaudibly. His
+head had dropped upon his breast – yet I knew that he was not
+asleep, from the wide and rigid opening of the eye as I caught a
+glance of it in profile. The motion of his body, too, was at
+variance with this idea – for he rocked from side to side
+with a gentle yet constant and uniform sway. Having rapidly taken
+notice of all this, I resumed the narrative of Sir Launcelot,
+which thus proceeded:
+.pg
+“And now, the champion, having escaped from the terrible
+fury of the dragon, bethinking himself of the brazen shield, and
+of the breaking up of the enchantment which was upon it, removed
+the carcass from out of the way before him, and approached
+valorously over the silver pavement of the castle to where the
+shield was upon the wall; which in sooth tarried not for his full
+coming, but fell down at his feet upon the silver floor, with a
+mighty great and terrible ringing sound.”
+.pg
+No sooner had these syllables passed my lips, than – as if
+a shield of brass had indeed, at the moment, fallen heavily upon
+a floor of silver – I became aware of a distinct, hollow,
+metallic, and clangorous, yet apparently muffled, reverberation.
+Completely unnerved, I leaped to my feet; but the measured
+rocking movement of Usher was undisturbed. I rushed to the chair
+in which he sat. His eyes were bent fixedly before him, and
+throughout his whole countenance there reigned a stony rigidity.
+But, as I placed my hand upon his shoulder, there came a strong
+shudder over his whole person; a sickly smile quivered about his
+lips; and I saw that he spoke in a low, hurried, and gibbering
+murmur, as if unconscious of my presence. Bending closely over
+him, I at length drank in the hideous import of his words.
+.pg
+“Not hear it? – yes, I hear it, and \fIhave\fP
+heard it. Long – long – long – many minutes, many
+hours, many days, have I heard it – yet I dared not – oh,
+pity me, miserable wretch that I am! – I dared not – I
+\fIdared\fP not speak! \fIWe have put her living in the
+tomb!\fP Said I not that my senses were acute? I \fInow\fP tell
+you that I heard her first feeble movements in the hollow coffin.
+I heard them – many, many days ago – yet I dared
+not – \fII dared not speak!\fP And
+now – to-night – Ethelred – ha! ha! – the
+breaking of the hermit’s door, and the death-cry of the
+dragon, and the clangor of the shield! – say, rather, the
+rending of her coffin, and the grating of the iron hinges of her
+prison, and her struggles within the coppered archway of the
+vault! Oh! whither shall I fly? Will she not be here anon? Is she
+not hurrying to upbraid me for my haste? Have I not heard her
+footstep on the stair? Do I not distinguish that heavy and
+horrible beating of her heart? Madman!” – here he
+sprang furiously to his feet, and shrieked out his syllables, as
+if in the effort he were giving up his
+soul – \fI“Madman! I tell you that she now stands
+without the door!”\fP
+.pg
+As if in the superhuman energy of his utterance there had been
+found the potency of a spell, the huge antique panels to which
+the speaker pointed threw slowly back, upon the instant, their
+ponderous and ebony jaws. It was the work of the rushing
+gust – but then without those doors there \fIdid\fP stand
+the lofty and enshrouded figure of the lady Madeline of Usher.
+There was blood upon her white robes, and the evidence of some
+bitter struggle upon every portion of her emaciated frame. For a
+moment she remained trembling and reeling to and fro upon the
+threshold – then, with a low moaning cry, fell heavily inward
+upon the person of her brother, and in her violent and now final
+death-agonies, bore him to the floor a corpse, and a victim to
+the terrors he had anticipated.
+.pg
+From that chamber, and from that mansion, I fled aghast. The
+storm was still abroad in all its wrath as I found myself
+crossing the old causeway. Suddenly there shot along the path a
+wild light, and I turned to see whence a gleam so unusual could
+have issued; for the vast house and its shadows were alone behind
+me. The radiance was that of the full, setting, and blood-red
+moon which now shone vividly through that once barely-discernible
+fissure of which I have before spoken as extending from the roof
+of the building, in a zigzag direction, to the base. While I
+gazed, this fissure rapidly widened – there came a fierce
+breath of the whirlwind – the entire orb of the satellite
+burst at once upon my sight – my brain reeled as I saw the
+mighty walls rushing asunder – there was a long tumultuous
+shouting sound like the voice of a thousand waters – and the
+deep and dank tarn at my feet closed sullenly and silently over
+the fragments of the “\fIHouse of Usher\fP.”
+.br
+
+* Watson, Dr. Percival,
+Spallanzani, and especially the Bishop of Landaff. – See
+“Chemical Essays,” vol. v.
+.bp
+
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